During the lecture, innovative processes for the material and energetic use of alternative carbon sources (biomass, waste, sewage sludge and CO₂) will be introduced and presented as alternatives to conventional processes. Here, special focus is placed on processes being able to close the carbon cycle. A large part of the lectures will deal with the topics of gasification and the further processing of syngas (e.g. Biomass-to-Liquid). Furthermore, the innovative field of using CO₂ as a resource will be covered and processes facilitating the reduction of atmospheric CO₂ emissions will be introduced (carbon capture and utilization technology). A whole lecture in this course will be dedicated to the potentials of further utilization of waste and sewage sludge.